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Draft · This page contains general health information. Content requires clinical review by a GMC-registered GP before publishing. Information is not a substitute for personal medical advice.

Infections

Sore throat

Pain swallowing, swollen tonsils. Usually viral, sometimes bacterial.

Person resting with a cold

In short

Around 80% of sore throats are viral and clear within a week without antibiotics. A GP can use clinical scoring (FeverPAIN or Centor) to identify the small percentage that are bacterial and need treatment.

What is sore throat?

A sore throat is pain or inflammation at the back of the throat, usually caused by a viral infection. Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, most often viral but sometimes bacterial (most commonly Group A Streptococcus). Most sore throats clear within a week without specific treatment.

Common symptoms

  • Pain when swallowing
  • Red, swollen tonsils, sometimes with white spots or pus
  • Tender, swollen lymph nodes in the neck
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Hoarse voice

When to see a doctor

Book a GP if symptoms are severe, have lasted over a week, or you have difficulty eating and drinking. Recurrent tonsillitis (5+ episodes per year) also warrants a consultation, as you may be eligible for an ENT referral.

Seek urgent help if

  • Difficulty breathing (call 999)
  • Drooling or being unable to swallow saliva (call 999)
  • Stridor (a high-pitched breathing sound)
  • Severe one-sided throat pain with fever (possible quinsy/peritonsillar abscess)
  • Stiff neck with fever and a non-blanching rash (possible meningitis , call 999)

How a private GP can help

A consultation typically covers:

  • FeverPAIN or Centor clinical scoring to estimate likelihood of bacterial cause
  • Throat examination (in-person appointments)
  • Antibiotic prescription if scoring suggests bacterial cause (usually penicillin V or amoxicillin)
  • Symptom relief advice for viral cases
  • Referral to ENT for recurrent tonsillitis
  • Sick note for work or school if needed

What we don't do

  • Hospital-level treatment for severe infections (refer A&E)
  • Tonsillectomy referrals on first presentation (need history of recurrent episodes)

What it costs

An online consultation about sore throat starts at £79 for a 20-minute video appointment. In-pharmacy consultations are £129 and home visits are £189. Your consultation includes one private prescription if appropriate, and a sick note for work if needed. You pay the pharmacy separately for any medication.

See the full pricing breakdown for what's included with each appointment type.

FAQ

Common questions about sore throat

How can I tell if it's viral or bacterial?

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Clinically it's hard to be certain. GPs use scoring systems (Centor or FeverPAIN) based on fever, pus on tonsils, swollen glands, absence of cough, and similar to guide the decision. Sometimes a throat swab is needed.

Do I need antibiotics for a sore throat?

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Usually not. Most sore throats are viral. Antibiotics only help bacterial infections, and over-prescribing creates resistance.

How long should a sore throat last?

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Most clear within a week. If symptoms continue beyond that, get reassessed.

When should children see a GP?

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If they can't swallow, have a fever over 39°C, are drooling, or symptoms last more than 3 days.

Ready to talk to a GP about sore throat?

Message Emily on WhatsApp or book online in under 90 seconds. UK-registered doctors, available today.